Under a long-term supply arrangement, Constellation Energy will deliver close to 3.6 gigawatts of power to Google through the PJM grid, with roughly 890 megawatts of that capacity drawn from reactor upgrade work at existing nuclear facilities. Disclosed through a joint Tuesday announcement, the deal commits Google and Constellation to a two-decade power-purchase arrangement directing funds toward upgrades at 11 nuclear units owned by Constellation across facilities in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey.

Boosting capacity at the plants already in operation — rather than constructing new nuclear infrastructure — was how the firms described the path forward. Rollout of that added capacity is scheduled to begin in 2028. Under the terms of the deal, Constellation has earmarked upwards of $4.3 billion in capital for deployment.

According to the firms, roughly 7,200 construction roles would be added over the course of the upgrade work, while approximately 4,400 positions already in place would be retained.

A separate power-purchase arrangement, spanning 15 years and drawing on 2,700 megawatts from Constellation's established generation assets within the PJM grid, was also secured by Google. That portion of the deal is not tied to any particular generation source and is designed to offer Constellation's operating plants a more stable revenue outlook over time, while keeping the electricity accessible to the wider grid.

Separately, Amanda Peterson Corio, who oversees energy and power globally for Google, stated in the company's announcement that the tech company aims to address its expansion by directing investment toward clean, reliable generation that adds new capacity to the country's power infrastructure.

Pressure on power grids has been building across the technology sector, with Google and other large computing firms pursuing ever-greater electricity supplies to run data centres and AI-driven workloads. PJM Interconnection, a grid operator whose coverage stretches across 13 states and the District of Columbia, forms the backbone of what the arrangement targets — a network that delivers power to roughly 67 million residents.

Updated connection rules for large power consumers — data centers among them — have been taking shape at PJM as load growth puts pressure on the grid. Under a framework the PJM Board of Managers put forward that January, customers with elevated demand could add new generation capacity to offset their load — those who did not do so would face a greater likelihood of having their supply reduced when the grid came under pressure.

The two companies described their deal as a way to bring new electricity generation online while covering Google's power requirements under the "Bring Your Own Power" framework. Reactor upgrades at existing facilities — a process involving hardware improvements that push each unit's generation ceiling higher — account for the full 890 megawatts of added nuclear output. According to the firms, that extra generation capacity would sit at roughly the same level as what a single large conventional nuclear plant produces.

Nuclear power has formed part of Google's energy portfolio in other locations. An arrangement struck with NextEra Energy laid the groundwork for bringing the Duane Arnold nuclear facility in Iowa back online. A separate long-term power agreement between Constellation and Microsoft, tied to the reopening of Three Mile Island Unit 1 in Pennsylvania, has also been put in place.

Holding the top spot among nuclear power operators nationwide, Constellation also manages a broad portfolio of generation facilities spanning natural gas, oil, geothermal, hydro, wind, and solar alongside its atomic plants.

A broader technology collaboration between the two firms is also taking shape. A five-year arrangement between Constellation and Google will put Cloud infrastructure and Gemini Enterprise tools to work across grid planning, asset monitoring, and infrastructure protection. Drawn from the joint announcement, early-phase efforts are set to cover a range of technical and regulatory disciplines — among them where facilities should be located, how power flows through the grid, what permits will be needed, how outages get handled, and how operational technology stays protected from security threats.

Provisions within the deal give Google the ability to scale back power consumption in lower-priority operations whenever the electrical grid comes under strain. Distributed across eleven reactor units at six locations spanning Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, the capacity upgrades are scheduled to deliver their first boost in output by 2028.